面向巨型星座与深空探测的航天测控关键技术发展研究

Research on Development of Aerospace TT&C Technology

摘要:

随着卫星互联网星座建设和深空探测任务的快速发展,传统航天测控体系面临测控资源不足、网络协同能力有限、测量精度和数据传输速率难以满足未来任务需求等问题。针对低轨巨型星座长期运行管理及深空探测高精度测量、高速数据传输需求,分析了我国航天测控技术的发展现状及面临的主要挑战。在此基础上,结合相控阵、多波束测控、云计算、人工智能、宽带天线组阵以及激光通信等技术,提出面向未来航天任务的新型测控技术体系,包括全空域多目标测控技术、泛在网络化测控系统、宽带天线组阵接收技术以及激光/射频一体化测控通信技术。通过对关键技术的发展趋势、应用场景和工程实现难点进行分析,指出资源池化、智能化调度、多站协同测量和光电融合通信将成为未来航天测控的重要发展方向。研究结果可为我国新一代航天测控体系建设提供技术参考。

Abstract:

With the rapid deployment of satellite Internet constellations and the continuous advancement of deep-space exploration missions, traditional aerospace telemetry, tracking, and control (TT C) systems are facing significant challenges, including insufficient measurement and control resources, limited network coordination capability, and inadequate measurement accuracy and data transmission capacity to meet future mission requirements. To address the demands of long-term management of large-scale low Earth orbit (LEO) constellations and the requirements for high-precision measurement and high-rate data transmission in deep-space exploration, this paper reviews the current development status of China"s aerospace TT C technologies and analyzes the major challenges confronting future TT C systems. On this basis, a novel TT C architecture oriented toward next-generation space missions is proposed by integrating emerging technologies such as phased-array antennas, multi-beam TT C, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, broadband antenna arraying, and laser communications. The proposed framework encompasses all-domain multi-target TT C technology, ubiquitous networked TT C systems, broadband antenna array reception technology, and integrated laser/radio-frequency (RF) TT C communication technology. Furthermore, the development trends, application scenarios, and implementation challenges of these key technologies are systematically analyzed. The results indicate that resource pooling, intelligent task scheduling, multi-station cooperative measurement, and optoelectronic integrated communications will become the primary development directions of future aerospace TT C systems. This study provides a valuable technical reference for the construction of China"s next-generation aerospace TT C infrastructure.