面向高速载体测控通信的宽带宽波束端射天线设计

Wideband Wide-Beam Endfire Antenna for Measurement and Control Communication of High-Speed Platforms

摘要:

针对高速载体测控通信系统中天线外形保持、安装空间受限和端射角域覆盖不足等问题,对一种宽带柱面共形端射天线进行了结构设计、仿真分析和实验验证；采用脊加载过渡馈电结构实现同轴端口至波导腔体的宽带能量过渡,利用金属圆柱载体内嵌辐射腔和三维打印异形渐变介质加载结构保持载体外形连续,并改善低频阻抗匹配和近端射辐射特性；仿真和测试结果表明,所设计天线在 2.0～6.0 GHz 内电压驻波比小于 2,端射方向实测增益为 4.9～9.1 dBi,在 2、4、6 GHz 典型频点处的 H 面实测 3 dB 波束宽度分别约为 43°、76°和 28°,具有一定的端射宽波束覆盖能力；该天线可完全嵌入金属圆柱载体,不需要额外天线罩和外部附加剖面空间,适用于高速载体测控通信系统的共形集成应用。

Abstract:

A wideband cylindrically conformal endfire antenna is designed, simulated and experimentally verified for measurement and control communication systems of high-speed platforms. A ridged transition feeding structure is used to realize broadband energy transition from the coaxial port to the waveguide cavity. The embedded radiation cavity in a metallic cylindrical carrier and the three-dimensional printed special-shaped tapered dielectric loading structure are adopted to maintain the continuous carrier contour and improve the low-frequency impedance matching and near-endfire radiation characteristics. The simulated and measured results show that the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is lower than 2 from 2.0 to 6.0 GHz, and the measured realized gain in the endfire direction is 4.9 to 9.1 dBi. The measured 3-dB beamwidths in the H-plane are about 43°, 76° and 28° at 2, 4 and 6 GHz, respectively, indicating a certain endfire wide-beam coverage capability. The proposed antenna can be completely embedded in the metallic cylindrical carrier without an additional radome or external profile space, and it is suitable for conformal integration in high-speed platform measurement and control communication systems.