新一代运载火箭遥测系统长距离高可靠通信技术研究

(1．Shanghai institute of Aerospace System Engineering, Shanghai 201100, China;2. Shanghai institute of Aerospace Computer Technology, Shanghai 201100, China；

摘要:

随着新一代运载火箭运载能力和复杂度的不断提升,遥测系统面临着数据传输量大、传输距离远、环境干扰强等严峻挑战。传统基带通信方式在高速率下传输距离受限,且长距离传输易导致信号畸变与相位滞后,严重影响数据可靠性。针对上述问题,提出一种融合多级树形拓扑降频通信、独立同步信号相位畸变抵抗、基带通信接口优化的综合解决方案。通过数据综合器分级汇聚、AB缓冲区结构、中继器整形、差分传输及独立同步机制等技术,有效提升了遥测系统的传输距离与可靠性。理论分析与实验验证表明,该方法在提高通信速率的同时保证了数据完整性,显著提高了系统抗干扰能力,为大型运载火箭遥测系统设计提供了重要技术支撑。

Abstract:

With the continuous improvement in the payload capacity and complexity of next-generation launch vehicles, telemetry systems face severe challenges including large data transmission volumes, long transmission distances, and strong environmental interference. Traditional baseband communication methods suffer from limited transmission distance at high rates, and long-distance transmission is prone to signal distortion and phase lag, severely impacting data reliability. To address these issues, this paper proposes a comprehensive solution integrating multi-stage tree topology frequency-reduced communication, independent synchronization signal-based phase distortion resistance, and baseband communication interface optimization. Through technologies such as hierarchical data aggregation via data combiners, AB buffer structures, repeater reshaping, differential transmission, and independent synchronization mechanisms, the transmission distance and reliability of the telemetry system are effectively enhanced. Theoretical analysis and experimental verification demonstrate that this method ensures data integrity while increasing communication rates, significantly improves system anti-interference capability, and provides important technical support for the design of large-scale launch vehicle telemetry systems.