基于UWB定位的风电施工安全管理系统设计

Design of a Safety Management System for Wind Power Construction Based on UWB Positioning

摘要:

针对风电施工现场人员分散、危险源密集、安全管控盲区大等问题，设计了基于超宽带（UWB）定位技术的施工安全管理系统。通过部署UWB基站与人员标签实现了厘米级实时定位，集成了电子围栏、异常行为识别和应急求助功能；针对风电场金属环境的NLOS传播问题，提出了融合距离残差、信号强度波动与速度一致性的复合误差抑制方法，并基于GDOP最小化优化基站布设。经某陆上风电场510天运行验证，室外定位精度优于0.3 m，塔筒内优于0.5 m，电子围栏准确率达95.5%，应急响应时间由6.2分钟缩短至1.5分钟，人工巡检工作量降低67.9%。

Abstract:

To address safety management challenges in wind power construction sites, including scattered personnel, dense hazard sources and large control blind spots, a safety management system based on Ultra-Wideband (UWB) positioning technology was designed. The system deploys UWB base stations and personnel tags for centimeter-level positioning, integrating electronic fence, abnormal behavior recognition and emergency assistance functions. To tackle NLOS propagation issues in the metal-intensive environment of wind farms, a composite error suppression method incorporating distance residuals, signal strength fluctuation and velocity consistency was proposed, combined with a GDOP minimization-based base station deployment strategy. Validated over 510 days at an onshore wind farm, outdoor positioning accuracy better than 0.3 m and in-tower accuracy better than 0.5 m were achieved, with an electronic fence accuracy of 95.5%, emergency response time reduced from 6.2 to 1.5 minutes, and manual patrol workload decreased by 67.9%.