面向空地激光通信的智能跟踪研究

Research on Intelligent Tracking for Air-to-Ground Laser Communication

摘要:

针对空地激光通信系统中光斑目标识别精度不足及跟踪稳定性较差的问题，对复杂环境条件下弱小光斑的智能识别与稳定跟踪方法进行了研究。构建了基于YOLOv8目标检测网络的弱小光斑实时检测模型，在训练过程中引入SAM优化策略，通过约束模型收敛至平坦最优解以提升其在大气湍流、平台抖动及背景光干扰条件下的泛化能力与鲁棒性；结合ByteTrack多目标跟踪算法，利用高置信度与低置信度检测框的联合关联机制实现跨帧目标匹配，从而在光斑亮度波动或检测置信度下降情况下保持轨迹连续性。基于空地激光通信实验平台开展图像采集与算法验证实验，在噪声干扰条件下，引入SAM优化策略后模型mAP50由0.607提升至0.711，mAP50-95由0.286提升至0.339；结合ByteTrack算法后，在大气湍流扰动条件下实现了光斑目标的稳定连续跟踪，有效降低目标丢失概率。实验结果表明，该方法能够提升空地激光通信系统中光斑识别与跟踪的稳定性，满足复杂环境下稳定跟踪的应用需求

Abstract:

To address the issues of insufficient accuracy in spot target recognition and poor tracking stability in air-to-ground laser communication systems, this paper investigates intelligent recognition and stable tracking methods for weak spots under complex environmental conditions. A real-time detection model for weak spots based on the YOLOv8 target detection network was constructed. During training, a SAM optimization strategy was introduced to constrain the model to converge to a flat optimal solution, thereby improving its generalization ability and robustness under atmospheric turbulence, platform jitter, and background light interference. Combined with the ByteTrack multi-target tracking algorithm, cross-frame target matching was achieved using a joint association mechanism of high-confidence and low-confidence detection boxes, thus maintaining trajectory continuity even with fluctuations in spot brightness or a decrease in detection confidence. Image acquisition and algorithm verification experiments were conducted on an air-to-ground laser communication experimental platform. Under noise interference conditions, the model's mAP50 improved from 0.607 to 0.711, and mAP50-95 improved from 0.286 to 0.339 after introducing the SAM optimization strategy. Combined with the ByteTrack algorithm, stable and continuous tracking of spot targets was achieved under atmospheric turbulence disturbance conditions, effectively reducing the probability of target loss. Experimental results show that this method can improve the stability of spot recognition and tracking in air-to-ground laser communication systems, meeting the application requirements for stable tracking in complex environments.