天地基随遇接入准实时测控的星载系统设计

Design of an Onboard System for Opportunistic Space-Ground Near-Real-Time TT C

摘要:

随着低轨巨型星座的井喷式发展，如何解决巨型星座海量卫星的测控是亟需解决的问题。目前国内卫星的测控主要基于集中预分配的航天测控站网资源管控模式，管理卫星数量受限，很难实现未来巨型星座的测控管理任务。针对上述问题，设计了同时支持天基和地基随遇的星载测控方案，保障卫星全天时全天候准实时测控和健康状态返回。具备全向波束、天地基随遇接入的能力，可以有效配合天地基随遇接入测控系统，完成卫星的随遇接入及自动化测控任务。仿真分析了配置天地基随遇接入星载测控系统的卫星在惯性姿态下的可用度，确保卫星在任意姿态下均能够有效的接入测控，为大规模卫星的自动化测控提供可行性方案。

Abstract:

With the rapid proliferation of low-orbit mega-constellations, a pressing challenge has emerged: how to effectively conduct TT&C (Telemetry, Tracking, and Command) operations for the vast number of satellites within these constellations. Currently, TT&C operations for domestic satellites predominantly rely on a centralized, pre-allocated resource management model based on aerospace TT&C ground station networks. This model inherently limits the number of satellites that can be managed and is ill-suited for the demands of future mega-constellation control missions. To address this issue, a spaceborne TT&C solution has been designed to support both space-based and ground-based opportunistic access. This solution ensures 24/7 quasi-real-time TT&C and health status return for the satellites. Featuring omnidirectional beam and the capability for both ground-based and space-based opportunistic access, it can effectively coordinate with a ground/space-based opportunistic access TT&C system to execute satellite access and automated TT&C tasks. Simulations were conducted to analyze the availability of satellites equipped with this spaceborne TT&C system in an inertial attitude, ensuring that satellites can effectively establish TT&C links regardless of attitude. This provides a feasible pathway for the automated TT&C of large-scale satellite constellations.