运载火箭的电磁兼容性分析与设计

Electromagnetic compatibility Analysis and Design of Launch vehicles

摘要:

运载火箭随着技术发展各频段射频单机种类越来越多，单机逐步向小型化、集成化方向发展，带来的电磁兼容性问题越来越复杂，而电磁兼容性问题会对运载火箭飞行安全产生危害，甚至造成飞行失利。针对运载火箭电磁兼容性问题，从单机设计、系统方案、雷电防护、静电释放和接地设计等方面提出运载火箭电磁兼容性设计要求，对电磁兼容性试验过程中遇到的静电放电、数据误码、参数配置误码和接地设计不足等电磁兼容问题进行原因分析并提出具体的改进措施，经过飞行试验验证可以有效提高运载火箭抗电磁干扰能力，为后续运载火箭的电磁兼容设计提供参考借鉴。

Abstract:

With the development of technology, the types of radio frequency single - machine equipment across various frequency bands for launch vehicles have been increasing. Meanwhile, these single - machine devices are gradually evolving towards miniaturization and integration, which leads to increasingly complex electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues. Such EMC problems can pose hazards to the flight safety of launch vehicles and even result in flight failures.To address the EMC problems of launch vehicles, this paper puts forward EMC design requirements from aspects including single - machine design, system scheme, lightning protection, electrostatic discharge and grounding design. It also analyzes the causes of EMC problems encountered during EMC tests, such as electrostatic discharge, data bit errors, parameter configuration bit errors and insufficient grounding design, and proposes specific improvement measures. Verified by flight tests, these measures can effectively enhance the anti - electromagnetic interference capability of launch vehicles, providing a reference for the EMC design of subsequent launch vehicles.