智能无人机路径规划技术的研究进展与挑战

Research Progress and Challenges in Intelligent UAV Path Planning Technology

摘要:

路径规划作为无人机自主导航系统的“大脑”，是实现其智能化自主飞行的核心技术之一；对智能无人机路径规划技术的研究进展进行了系统的梳理；阐述了路径规划问题的基本定义与分类；从传统算法、基于随机采样的算法、智能优化算法和人工智能算法四个维度，详细综述了路径规划算法的发展历程及其优缺点；分析了无人机路径规划技术面临的现实挑战；对未来发展趋势，如仿生智能、多模态融合、人机协同等方向进行了展望。

Abstract:

Path planning, as the "brain" of autonomous navigation systems for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), is one of the core technologies for achieving intelligent autonomous flight. The research progress of path planning technology for intelligent UAVs is systematically reviewed.The basic definition and classification of the path planning problem are elaborated.The development history, advantages and disadvantages of path planning algorithms are comprehensively reviewed from four dimensions, namely traditional algorithms, random sampling-based algorithms, intelligent optimization algorithms and artificial intelligence algorithms. The practical challenges faced by UAV path planning technology are analyzed. The prospects for future developments, such as bionic intelligence, multi-modal fusion, and human-machine collaboration, are presented.