一种充电桩自动监测系统设计与实现

Design and Implementation of an Automatic Monitoring System for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations

摘要:

在新能源汽车产业生态扩张背景下,电动汽车配套安全监测模块与智能化管控系统发展滞后,室内停车场充电桩受通风、温湿度、梯度等复杂环境影响,面临高温热失控、过载、短路及电解液泄漏气体逸散等多物理场耦合异常工况。因此,设计一种室内停车场监测系统,能够提升电动车停车的安全性。该系统通过多模块协同实现全维度监测:用DHT11温度传感器采环境温度,MQ-7一氧化碳传感器测危险气体浓度,光电传感器捕捉车辆进出信息,电流电压模块监充电参数,综合数据判断设备实时状态。数据传输层面,系统搭载ESP-8266 WiFi模块,保障监测数据无线传输稳定与通信链路可靠；且采用模块化设计,简化组装流程、降低后期维护成本与难度。实际应用中,该系统能有效监测充电桩运行状态与周边环境参数,及时预警潜在隐患,兼具数据采集精度高、通信稳定的优势,为室内停车场充电桩智能化管理提供可行技术方案。

Abstract:

Against the backdrop of the expanding new energy vehicle industry ecosystem, the development of supporting safety monitoring modules and intelligent management systems for electric vehicles (EVs) has lagged. Indoor parking garage charging piles, subjected to complex environmental influences such as poor ventilation, temperature, humidity, and gradients, face abnormal multi-physics field coupling conditions including thermal runaway, overloading, short circuits, and electrolyte leakage gas dispersion. To address these challenges, this paper designs an indoor monitoring system aimed at enhancing the safety of EV charging. The system achieves comprehensive, multi-dimensional monitoring through the synergy of multiple modules: a DHT11 sensor for ambient temperature, an MQ-7 sensor for hazardous carbon monoxide concentration, a photoelectric sensor for vehicle entry/exit detection, and a current-voltage module for real-time charging parameter acquisition. All data is synthesized to determine the operational status of the equipment. For data transmission, the system is equipped with an ESP-8266 WiFi module, ensuring stable wireless data transfer and reliable communication links. Furthermore, its modular design simplifies the assembly process and reduces long-term maintenance costs and complexity. Practical application demonstrates that the system effectively monitors the operational status of charging piles and surrounding environmental parameters, providing timely warnings for potential hazards. It offers the advantages of high data acquisition accuracy and stable communication, presenting a viable technical solution for the intelligent management of charging piles in indoor parking facilities.