基于PLC的航天地面时序测试系统设计与验证

Design and Verification of Aerospace Ground Sequence Test System Based on PLC

摘要:

针对航天飞行器关键时序测试中传统系统设计复杂、硬件庞大及成本高等问题，提出一种基于PLC的简易时序信号测试系统。分析航天飞行器出厂前的地面测试需求，采用 PLC 为核心控制单元，结合继电器等外设构建硬件架构，实现多类型时序信号的精准控制与状态采集。从系统总体架构、硬件设计、软件设计、仿真与验证四个方面开展研究，硬件设计包含 PLC 选型、输入输出口分配及继电器外设选型，并通过举例详细阐述关键时序硬件设计方法；软件采用梯形图编程方法，完成信号触发、时序逻辑控制及状态反馈的闭环流程设计；利用 CX-Programmer 软件在线模拟功能对梯形图软件的时序逻辑进行仿真验证。试验表明，系统可适配不同功率负载，具备高稳定性和可扩展性；相比传统方案，硬件成本降低约 40%，开发周期缩短 50%，为航天飞行器设计、生产和测试环节提供高效、低成本的解决方案，具有显著工程应用价值。

Abstract:

To address the complexity, high cost, and bulky hardware of traditional timing test systems for aerospace vehicles, this paper proposes a simplified timing signal test system based on PLC. By analyzing pre-delivery ground test requirements, the system uses PLC as the core controller, integrated with peripherals like relays, to achieve precise control and acquisition of multiple timing signals. The study covers four aspects: system architecture, hardware design, software design, and simulation verification. Hardware design includes PLC selection, I/O allocation, and relay configuration, with key timing design methods illustrated through an example. The software, developed using ladder diagram programming, realizes a closed-loop process for signal triggering, timing logic, and feedback. The timing logic is verified using CX-Programmer’s online simulation. Test shows that the system can adapt to different power loads and has high stability and scalability. Compared with traditional systems, hardware costs are reduced by 40% and development time by 50%, offering an efficient, low-cost solution with significant engineering value for aerospace testing.