基于模块化架构的机载辅助总线实验系统设计

Design of an Experimental System for Airborne Auxiliary Bus Based on Modular Architecture

摘要:

针对机载辅助总线通信原理及电气特性的教学需求,设计并实现了基于模块化架构的机载辅助总线实验系统。该系统采用核心处理板与总线接口底板的分层硬件架构,支持ARINC429、RS-422、RS-485、RS-232和CAN等多种总线协议。核心板以STM32微控制器为核心,实现多总线通信控制、触摸屏人机交互、传感器时序驱动及数据解算等功能模块。总线接口底板配置总线协议芯片、电平转换电路、通用I/O扩展接口及测试接口端子,便于进行总线信号电气特性测试及接口扩展开发。软件采用分层设计,分别实现协议解析、功能管理和硬件资源管理,支持基础验证型、综合设计型和开放创新型等多层次实验项目,满足不同专业背景和基础水平的学生需求。应用表明：该实验系统具有可测试性好、成本低且直观等优点,可为学生提供开放的硬件平台和标准化软件接口,有效提升实践教学效果,增强学生的工程实践能力。

Abstract:

Aiming at the teaching requirements of the communication principles and electrical characteristics of airborne auxiliary buses, an airborne auxiliary bus experimental system based on a modular architecture has been designed and implemented in this paper. The system adopts a hierarchical hardware architecture that combines a core processing board with a bus interface backplane, which supports multiple bus protocols such as ARINC429, RS-422, RS-485, RS-232 and CAN. The core processing board, with the STM32 microcontroller as the core, integrates functional modules such as multi-bus communication control, touch screen human-machine interaction, sensor timing drive, and data computation. The bus interface baseboard is configured with bus protocol chips, level conversion circuits, general-purpose I/O expansion interfaces, and test interface terminals, which is convenient for the electrical characteristic testing of bus signals and the development of interface expansion. The software adopts a hierarchical design to achieve protocol analysis, function management, and hardware resource management respectively, and supports multi-level experimental projects such as basic verification type, comprehensive design type, and open innovation type to meet the needs of students with different professional backgrounds and basic levels. Applications show that the experimental system has the advantages of good testability, low cost, and intuitiveness. It can provide students with an open hardware platform and standardized software interfaces, effectively improve the practical teaching effect, and enhance students" engineering practical ability.