燃气轮机燃烧脉动压力采集监测系统设计

Design of a Monitoring System for Acoustic Pressure Fluctuations in Gas Turbine Combustion

摘要:

燃气轮机作为一种高效、清洁的动力设备，在电力生产、船舶推进和航空航天等领域得到了广泛应用。然而，燃气轮机的燃烧过程极为复杂，燃烧不稳定会导致一系列问题，严重时甚至可能引发安全事故，对燃烧过程产生的脉动压力进行监测是保障燃气轮机稳定和安全工作的前提。为实现燃气轮机燃烧过程中脉动压力的实时监测以保障其安全稳定运行，设计了一套国产化燃烧脉动压力采集监测系统。通过高温压力传感器实时采集燃烧室动态压力信号，结合时域分析和频域分析，提取信号特征参数并与预设健康阈值进行比对，实现燃烧状态的实时监控、趋势预测及异常预警。系统采用国产龙芯处理器、高精度同步采集模块及自主开发的QT/C++软件架构，支持动态数据预处理、特征提取、长期存储及可视化展示。实验验证表明，系统可稳定采集高温工况下的脉动压力信号，显著提升了燃烧效率与安全性。该系统已应用于燃气轮机发电机组，满足实时监测需求，并为其它高温燃烧设备的状态监测提供了技术参考。

Abstract:

As a highly efficient and clean power generation device, gas turbines are widely utilized in electricity production, marine propulsion, aerospace, and other fields. However, the combustion process in gas turbines is extremely complex, and combustion instability may lead to critical issues, including potential safety hazards. Monitoring the pulsating pressure generated during combustion is essential to ensure the stable and safe operation of gas turbines. To achieve real-time monitoring of pulsating pressure during combustion and enhance operational safety, a domestically developed pulsating pressure acquisition and monitoring system was designed. This system employs high-temperature pressure sensors to dynamically capture combustion chamber pressure signals. By combining time-domain analysis (e.g., peak values, root mean square) and frequency-domain analysis (e.g., bandpass filtering and fast Fourier transform), key signal features are extracted and compared with predefined health thresholds, enabling real-time status monitoring, trend prediction, and anomaly alerts. The system integrates a domestic Loongson processor, high-precision synchronous acquisition modules, and a self-developed QT/C++ software architecture, supporting dynamic data preprocessing, feature extraction, long-term storage, and visualization. Experimental validation confirmed the system’s capability to stably acquire pulsating pressure signals under high-temperature conditions, significantly improving combustion efficiency and operational safety. The system has been successfully implemented in gas turbine power units, fulfilling real-time monitoring requirements and offering technical insights for condition monitoring of other high-temperature combustion equipment.