基于阳极氧化和脂润滑协同的齿轮表面抗磨改性方法

Anti-wear surface modification method for gears based on synergistic anodic oxidation and grease lubrication

摘要:

针对航空用高精度磁传感编码器齿轮系统在剧烈振动与高低温交变工况下的摩擦磨损问题，提出阳极氧化协同脂润滑的表面改性方法；通过建立齿轮啮合等效销盘模型，对7055铝合金基体及10-20 μm阳极氧化膜在干摩擦/脂润滑条件下的摩擦学行为进行了研究；采用MFT-5000摩擦磨损试验机模拟等效接触载荷100 N、转速59 rpm的极端工况，结合白光干涉三维形貌分析和质量损失定量表征；结果表明：干摩擦条件下，20 μm氧化膜试件较基体质量损失降低96%；脂润滑工况下，其磨损深度降幅达56%；微观形貌显示氧化膜厚度增加可有效抑制磨粒磨损向黏着磨损的转变机制；验证了氧化膜厚度与润滑协同效应对铝合金齿轮摩擦学性能的调控规律，为航空航天精密传动系统表面改性提供了理论依据。

Abstract:

To address the friction and wear issues of high-precision magnetic sensing encoder gear systems in aerospace applications under severe vibration and alternating high-low temperature conditions, this study proposes a surface modification method combining anodic oxidation with grease lubrication. By establishing an equivalent pin-on-disc model of gear meshing, the tribological behaviors of 7055 aluminum alloy substrates and 10-20 μm anodized films under dry friction/grease-lubricated conditions were systematically investigated. Experiments were conducted using an MFT-5000 tribometer to simulate extreme working conditions with an equivalent contact load of 100 N and a rotational speed of 59 rpm, complemented by white light interferometry three-dimensional topography analysis and quantitative characterization of mass loss. Results demonstrate that under dry friction, the 20 μm anodized specimen exhibited a 96% reduction in mass loss compared to the untreated substrate. In grease-lubricated conditions, its wear depth decreased by 56%. Microscopic morphology analysis revealed that increased oxide film thickness effectively inhibits the transition from abrasive to adhesive wear mechanisms. The experimental results have validated that the synergistic effect of oxide film thickness and lubrication significantly enhances the tribological performance of aluminum alloy gears, providing a theoretical basis for surface modification of aerospace precision transmission systems.