基于爆炸场的钨铼热电偶测温方法研究

Research on temperature test method of tungsten-rhenium thermocouple based on explosion field

摘要:

针对大当量战斗部，爆炸热效应是非常重要的毁伤参量之一，热电偶作为使用最广泛、性价比最高的温度传感器，确保热电偶测温稳定性和瞬态温度的测试精度，是爆炸场试验和测试领域迫切需要攻克和解决的技术难题；为解决这一问题，对直径100 μm的钨铼热电偶进行了激光焊接，使用辐射法进行了静态标定，使用能够给予热电偶瞬态受迫温度激励的脉冲激光对热电偶进行了动态校准，通过数值模拟仿真与实验验证，表明利用光纤激光制造的热电偶可满足爆炸场需求；传感器重复性为98.96%、温度测试精度误差小于0.38%、传感器响应时间＜6 ms、响应时间测试精度优于1%，可检测到火球热辐射信号，冲击波绝热压缩空气之后1169 ℃的温度曲线传递规律与数值模拟仿真得到的温度曲线规律吻合。

Abstract:

For large-yield warheads, the thermal effect of explosion is one of the most important damage parameters. Thermocouples are the most widely used and cost-effective temperature sensors. Ensuring the temperature measurement stability of thermocouples and the test accuracy of transient temperature is a technical problem that urgently needs to be overcome and solved in the field of explosion field experiments and tests. To solve this problem, tungsten-rhenium thermocouples with a diameter of 100 μm were laser welded and statically calibrated using the radiation method. The thermocouples were dynamically calibrated using a pulsed laser that could give the thermocouples transient forced temperature excitation. Numerical simulation and experimental verification showed that the thermocouples made using fiber lasers could meet the needs of the explosion field. The sensor repeatability was 98.96%, the temperature test accuracy error was less than 0.38%, the sensor response time was less than 6 ms, and the response time test accuracy was better than 1%. The fireball thermal radiation signal could be detected, and the temperature curve transfer law of 1169 ℃ after the shock wave adiabatic compression of the air was consistent with the temperature curve law obtained by numerical simulation.