空中发射运载火箭射前姿态复合控制能力分析

The Analysis of Compound Control in the Prelaunch Attitude Control Methods of Air Launched Rocket

摘要:

射前姿态控制是内装式空射火箭发射过程中的关键环节，对空射火箭的成功点火和入轨精度有重要影响；对国内外空射火箭射前姿态控制方法充分分析的基础上，结合射前姿态控制的具体控制要求，提出了一种采用栅格舵和RCS对空射火箭点火前进行直接力/气动力复合控制的方案，对RCS部署位置和栅格舵运动控制方式进行设计；针对内装式空射火箭俯仰通道在低马赫下的大攻角变化控制需求，构建了箭体绕质心转动动力学模型、运动学模型及姿态复合控制模型，基于自抗扰控制方法详细设计了二阶自抗扰控制器；结合内装式空中发射运载火箭射前姿态控制需求、控制环境及载机尾流、阵风等因素，利用Simulink对该复合控制方案进行仿真研究，分析了该方案的控制特点，验证了方案可行性。

Abstract:

Pre-launch attitude control is a crucial step in the launch process of an internal air launched rocket, which has a significant impact on the successful ignition and orbit accuracy of the rocket; On the basis of a thorough analysis of the pre-launch attitude control methods for domestic and outer space launch rockets, combined with the specific control requirements of pre-launch attitude control, a scheme is proposed to use grid rudders and RCS for direct force/aerodynamic composite control of air launch rockets before ignition. The deployment position of RCS and the motion control method of grid rudders are designed; A dynamic model, kinematic model, and attitude composite control model of the rocket body rotating around the center of mass were constructed to meet the control requirements of large angle of attack changes in the pitch channel of an internally mounted air launched rocket at low Mach. A second-order active disturbance rejection controller was designed in detail based on the active disturbance rejection control method; Based on the pre-launch attitude control requirements, control environment, carrier wake, gusts and other factors of the built-in air launched carrier rocket, Simulink was used to simulate and study the composite control scheme. The control characteristics of the scheme were analyzed, and the feasibility of the scheme was verified.