一种小型导航阵列天线宽波束赋形设计及验证

Design and Verification of a Small Navigation Array Antenna with Wide Beam Shaping

摘要:

阵列波束赋形技术是一种利用多个微小天线单元来形成波束并指向特定方向的阵列信号处理技术。这种技术通常用于通信系统、雷达、声纳中，以提高信号接收和发送的效率。传统的阵列天线一方面阵列规模形态较大，难以满足导航终端小型化的要求，另一方面，卫星导航信号遍布于空中的各个方位和俯仰方向，传统阵列天线波束宽度较窄，难以覆盖接收空中的大部分卫星接收信号。现提出一种小型导航阵列天线宽波束赋形设计实现技术，通过合理的波束宽度设计，达到单个波束对大部分空中卫星导航信号实现增强的目的。通过理论计算和仿真分析，结合卫星导航信号的实际空中角度分布情况，得到四阵元天线阵元间距为1/3波长时，性能达到相对最优，可以对俯仰角30°以上的卫星导航信号实现波束增益。通过工程设计验证和测试表明，阵元间距为1/3波长的四阵元天线可以有效带来卫星导航信号载噪比的提升，提升天线的接收性能。

Abstract:

Array beamforming technology is an array signal processing technique that utilizes multiple small antenna units to form a beam and point it in a specific direction. This technology is commonly used in communication systems, radar, and sonar to improve the efficiency of signal reception and transmission. On the one hand, traditional arrays antenna have a large scale and shape, which makes it difficult to meet the requirements of miniaturization of navigation terminals. On the other hand, satellite navigation signals are distributed in various azimuth and elevation directions in the air. The beam width of traditional arrays antenna is narrow, making it difficult to cover most of the satellite received signals in the air. A small navigation array antenna wide beam shaping design technology is proposed, which achieves the goal of enhancing most of the aerial satellite navigation signals with a single beam through reasonable beam width design. Through theoretical calculations and simulation analysis, combined with the actual aerial angle distribution of satellite navigation signals, it is found that when the spacing between the four antenna elements is 1/3 wavelength, the performance reaches relatively optimal, and beam gain can be achieved for satellite navigation signals with an elevation angle of more than 30 °. Through engineering design verification and testing, it has been shown that a four element antenna with a spacing of 1/3 wavelength can effectively improve the carrier to noise ratio of satellite navigation signals and enhance the receiving performance of the antenna.