轴承故障模式与故障诊断方法综述

Review of Bearing Fault Modes and Fault Diagnosis Methods

摘要:

作为机械设备的关键组成部分之一，轴承在降低运行摩擦，为传动部件的旋转提供引导等方面具有重要作用，并被广泛应用于农业、制造、运输等各种领域；由于长期在高负荷、强冲击、复杂环境等情况下运行，轴承经常会产生故障并导致设备失效，严重时可能导致巨大经济损失和安全事故；因此对于轴承的运行状态进行监测，并对出现的缺陷或故障进行诊断是非常必要的；针对上述背景，综述了轴承的常见故障类型与故障诊断方法；介绍了轴承的常见故障类型与导致故障的原因，阐述了轴承故障诊断的一般流程与常用的传感器类型，分析了三类故障诊断方法在轴承故障诊断中的应用与其优缺点。

Abstract:

As one of the key components of mechanical equipment, bearings play an important role in reducing running friction and providing guidance for the rotation of transmission components, which have been widely used in agriculture, manufacturing, transportation and other fields. Due to long-term operation under high load, strong impact and complex environment, bearings often fail and lead to equipment failure, which may lead to huge economic losses and safety accidents. Therefore, it is very necessary to monitor the running state of the bearing and diagnose the defects or faults. In this context, the common fault types and fault diagnosis methods of bearings are summarized. The common fault types and the causes of bearing fault are introduced. The general process of bearing fault diagnosis and the types of commonly used sensors are introduced. The application of three kinds of fault diagnosis methods in bearing fault diagnosis and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed.