地面气象观测站运行监测与控制系统设计

Design of Operation Monitoring and Control System

摘要:

地面气象观测站是一种重要的气象探测设施，由主采集器、分采集器、各种传感器以及供电系统等构成，能够自动观测气温、湿度、气压、风速、风向、雨量等地面气象观测要素。为提升地面气象观测站运行状态监测及时性和丰富程度，实现远程电源控制，研究并设计一套地面气象观测站运行监测与控制系统。系统由站端控制器以及上位机软件组成，以树莓派为核心完成站端控制器硬件设计开发，基于python语言完成上位机软件以及控制器程序设计开发。对系统可靠性、功耗进行测试。测试结果表明：系统对自动站运行状态的成功获取率在99.5%以上，并对运行状态异常具有较好的识别能力。控制器平均值为3.9W，接入常见的8要素地面气象观测站功耗占比为5.6%，电池供电情况下对蓄电池续航时间影响不大，但在低功耗气象站中使用时应考虑更换更大容量的电池。该系统可进一步提升地面气象观测站运行质量，降低维修保障人员工作强度。

Abstract:

Weather station is an important meteorological observation facility, which is composed of main collector, sub collector, various sensors and power supply system. It can automatically observe surface meteorological observation elements such as temperature, humidity, pressure, wind speed, wind direction, rainfall, etc. To improve the timeliness and richness of the operation status monitoring of the weather stations and realize the remote control, a monitoring and control system is studied and designed for weather station. The system takes Raspberry Pi as the core to complete the hardware design and development of the weather station controller. And based on Python language, the software and controller program for monitoring and controlling the operation state of weather stations are developed. Finally, the reliability and power consumption of the system are tested and verified. The test results show that: The success rate of the system in obtaining the operation status of the automatic stations is above 99.5%, and it has a good ability to identify the abnormal operation state of the Surface meteorological stations. The average value of the controller is 3.9W, and the proportion of power consumption is 5.6% when the eight elements Weather stations are connected. But it should be considered to replace a larger capacity battery when used in the low-power consumption weather stations like two elements meteorological stations. The use of this system can further improve the operation quality of weather stations and reduce the work intensity of maintenance personnel.