基于无刷直流电机控制器设计

Research based on brushless DC motor controller

摘要:

无刷直流电机具有运行效率高、调速性能好、结构简单、维护方便、运行可靠的优点,是电动汽车驱动系统的理想动力来源；安装在电动汽车上的驱动电机所处环境复杂,工况多变,启停频繁；然而,目前电机控制器响应速度慢、控制精度低、稳定性误差大、抗干扰力弱。为了解决这些难题,通过建立无刷直流电机的数学模型,研究电机的矢量控制算法基本原理以及实现方式,设计出了电流、转速双闭环的调速控制系统,通过引入先进的控制策略来提高控制器性能；最后,通过对无刷电机控制器进行实际测试,实验结果表明,与传统 PID 控制相比,在相同的调整频率下。本次设计的控制器具有调节时间小,调速范围广,转速波动小的优点,验证了设计的可行性。

Abstract:

The brushless DC motor has the advantages of high operating efficiency, good speed regulation performance, simple structure, convenient maintenance and reliable operation, and is an ideal power source for the electric vehicle drive system; the drive motor installed on the electric vehicle is located in a complex environment and working conditions. Changeable, frequent start and stop; however, the current motor controller has slow response speed, low control precision, large stability error, and weak anti-interference ability. In order to solve these problems, through the establishment of the mathematical model of the brushless DC motor, the basic principle and implementation method of the vector control algorithm of the motor are studied, and the current and speed double closed-loop speed control system is designed, and the advanced control strategy is introduced to improve the control. Finally, through the actual test of the brushless motor controller, the experimental results show that, compared with the traditional PID control, under the same adjustment frequency. The controller designed this time has the advantages of small adjustment time, wide speed adjustment range and small speed fluctuation, which verifies the feasibility of the design.