光学观测中几种太阳夹角计算方法及精度分析

Several Calculation Methods and Accuracy Analysis of Solar Angle in Optical Observation

摘要:

为从计算太阳夹角的所有简单算子中，找到最接近真实值的可靠算法组合，做此实验。完成对太阳赤纬、太阳时角的常见算法公式的演算，并介绍了天文观测中会涉及到的一些基础的天文概念，完成对太阳高度角和方位角的算法演算，同时考虑蒙气差等干扰因素，加入到计算当中，最后完成对在指定地理位置设备与太阳之间的夹角数值的计算。在本次计算中，采用精度较高的复杂算法SPA算法作为参考值，对上述算法的计算结果进行鉴定，以比较上述算法计算结果的精度误差，并进行统计分析。在实验中，使用C++工具代码实现算法的运算。通过对演算结果的定量比较分析，确定了VSOP87的时角算子与Wang赤纬角算子的组合，其计算结果最为真实可靠。通过实验分析，找到了既简单可行，又具备较高准确度的太阳夹角算法组合，为提高简单算法得到的太阳夹角值的准确性起到了积极作用。

Abstract:

This experiment is conducted to find the most reliable algorithm combination that is closest to the true value from all simple operators for calculating the solar angle. Complete the calculation of common algorithm formulas for solar declination and solar hour angle, introduce some basic astronomical concepts that will be involved in astronomical observation, complete the algorithm calculation of solar altitude angle and azimuth angle, take into account the interference factors such as the difference of atmosphere, add them to the calculation, and finally complete the calculation of the included angle value between the equipment at the designated geographical location and the sun. In this calculation, the SPA algorithm, a complex algorithm with high accuracy, is used as the reference value to identify the calculation results of the above algorithms in order to compare the accuracy error of the calculation results of the above algorithms and conduct statistical analysis. In the experiment, C++tool code is used to implement the operation of the algorithm. Through the quantitative comparison and analysis of the calculation results, the combination of VSOP87 time angle operator and Wang declination angle operator is determined, and the calculation results are the most reliable. Through experimental analysis, we found a combination of solar angle algorithms that are simple, feasible and have high accuracy, which has played a positive role in improving the accuracy of solar angle values obtained by simple algorithms.