基于超宽带技术的无线定位系统设计

The Wireless Location System Design Based on the UWB Technique

摘要:

随着基于位置信息的服务越发受到重视，无线定位技术也得到了快速的发展。其中，超宽带技术具有测量精度高、功耗低的特点，越来越被广泛地应用于无线定位系统中。但是，由于无线信号的传播容易受到环境干扰，导致在复杂环境下，定位精度急剧下降，制约了这种定位技术的应用与推广。针对超宽带无线定位系统中的这个问题，提出了一种基于残留误差的聚类算法，将原始定位数据进行重组后进行计算，并过滤掉误差过大的结果，再利用误差值进行计算结果的聚类处理，进而得到最终的定位结果。使用该算法的超宽带无线定位系统已经通过了工程验收（定位频率2Hz,残留误差门限值1.5米，置信距离差值门限0.5米，迭代上限10000次），实际测试的结果表明该算法有效提升了定位精度，满足了工程需要，为无线定位技术的推广提供了重要的技术保障。

Abstract:

As with an increasing attention paid to the location-based service, wireless locating techniques grow rapidly. Due to its high precision and low energy consumption, the Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) locating technique is widely implemented in wireless locating systems. However, the environment significantly influences the signal propagation, leading to the severe impact on the locating precision, which restricts the application and promotion of this technique. To solve this problem, an optimised cluster algorithm is proposed with the aid of residual errors. Raw data is firstly reassigned into groups, and each group of data can be utilised to obtain the coordinates as well as the residual error. After filtering those with exceeded residual errors, remaining coordinates are processed by the clustering algorithm with residual errors considered. The wireless locating system with the introduced algorithm were approved by several engineering projects. Practical results illuminate that the precision can be improved to meet the engineering demands, which provides technical support for promoting wireless locating techniques.