Aiming at the problems of low security of big data encryption algorithm and low computational efficiency, this study uses a double chaos system combined with an improved AES encryption algorithm to design a hybrid encryption algorithm. The improved AES can be regarded as using affine transformation pairs (A7, 6F) to generate new S-box, the dual four-dimensional hyperchaotic system adopted is transformed from two three-dimensional chaotic systems, and then the transformed hyperchaotic system is used to generate a chaotic sequence, and a block encryption scheme is designed. On the Hadoop big data platform, the double The hyperchaotic encryption scheme and the improved AES algorithm are combined. Experiments show that the big data encryption algorithm in this study has high security performance, large key space, and high encryption and decryption efficiency.