基于三维空气质量监测系统的非均匀分簇算法

The non-uniform cluster algorithm in the 3-dimensional air quality monitoring system

摘要:

空气质量监测是环境保护工作的重要组成部分，无线传感器网络技术在空气环境自动监测中的应用已成为人们关注的热点。由于无线传感器网络具有能量有限、传感器无法充电等特点，根据特定环境设计分簇路由算法是延长监控系统寿命的关键。针对空气质量监测系统中传感器节点能量利用率低且消耗不均的问题，文中提出一种基于改进差分非均匀分簇路由算法。该算法采用差分进化算法对簇首的选择进行优化；通过计算大小不一的成簇半径实现非均匀分簇目的；不再以轮为单位频繁选簇，而是根据选簇频率和节点编号更换簇首节点。仿真结果表明：网络运转前300轮生存时间内中，提出算法簇首节点通信范围内覆盖不到的孤立节点个数大量减少，节点利用率高于LEACH 83%，比EEUC也提高了60%，采集信息的区域范围更广；提出算法显著延长了第一个节点的死亡时间，整个网络生命周期和LEACH、EEUC相比分别提高了约55.6%和14.8%。

Abstract:

Air quality monitoring is an important part of environmental protection work。The application of wireless sensor network technology to automatic monitoring of air environment has become a hot topic. Wireless sensor networks have the characteristics of limited energy and sensors cannot be recharged. Therefore, designing clustering routing algorithm based on the characteristics of the specific environment is essential for extending the life of monitoring systems. Aiming at the problem of low energy utilization and uneven consumption of sensor nodes in air quality monitoring system, this paper proposes a uneven clustering routing algorithm based on differential improvement. The algorithm uses differential evolution algorithm to optimize the selection of cluster heads; realizes the purpose of non-uniform clustering by calculating clustering radii of different size; no longer selects clusters frequently in rounds, but to replace the cluster head node according to cluster frequency and node number. Simulation results show that: In the survival time of the first 300 rounds of network operation, the number of isolated nodes that cannot be covered in the communication range of the cluster head node of the algorithm is greatly reduced, the node utilization rate is higher than LEACH 83%, and it is also 60% higher than EEUC； The proposed algorithm can significantly prolong the death time of the first node, and the whole network life cycle is improved by about 55.6% and 14.8% respectively compared with LEACH and EEUC.