基于故障树分析方法的民机飞机驾驶舱门控制逻辑改进设计

Improvement Design of Control Logic for Civil Aircraft Cockpit Door Based on Fault Tree Analysis

摘要:

驾驶舱门是保护飞行机组人员安全，保障飞行安全的重要阻隔屏障。自德国蓄意坠机事件发生后，如何兼顾保障安全和防止飞行员蓄意控制飞机，成为民用飞机驾驶舱门设计关注的焦点。针对蓄意坠机中飞机驾驶舱遭遇非法控制的顶事件，构建了故障树模型。开展了故障树的定量和定性分析，查找出飞机遭遇非法控制的薄弱环节，并提出了针对性的建议措施。针对飞行员离开驾驶舱后存在无法进入被锁驾驶舱的重大驾驶舱门控制逻辑缺陷，重新分配了驾驶舱门控制权限，提出了改进的驾驶舱门控制流程和逻辑。改进后的故障树可靠性分析结果表明，飞行员失常事件的关键重要度由0.99大幅降至4.02*10-4，对飞机遭遇非法控制顶事件的影响非常小；顶事件发生率下降为5.02*10-11，飞行安全性得到了有效提升。

Abstract:

Cockpit door is an important barrier to protect flight crew and flight safety. Since the tragic of German deliberate crash happened in 2015, how to balance between ensuring flight safety and preventing pilots from deliberately controlling aircraft has become the focus of civil aircraft cockpit door design. To deal with the top event of illegal control of an aircraft’s cockpit in a deliberate crash case, the fault tree model is constructed. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of the fault tree is carried out to find out the weakness to prevent an aircraft from encountering illegal control. And the corresponding suggestions and measures are put forward. To solve the serious logic defect of cockpit door control that pilots can not pass the locked door again after leaving the cockpit, the control priority of cockpit door is reallocated. The improved control flow and logic of cockpit door are proposed. After performing the reliability analysis of the new fault tree, the results show that the critical importance of pilots' abnormal event decreases significantly from 0.99 to 4.02*10-4, which had little impact on the illegal control of the aircraft. The incidence of the top accident also decreases to 5.02*10-11, and flight safety has been effectively improved.