基于UWB的地铁隧道定位系统设计

Design of Metro Tunnel Locating System Based on UWB

摘要:

超宽带技术因其具有定位精度高、抗多径干扰能力强、传输速率高等优势,成为了当前主流的室内定位技术。由于地铁隧道中环境恶劣,为了保证施工人员的安全,实现对地铁隧道中施工人员的实时定位,设计了基于UWB技术的地铁隧道定位系统。该系统采用对称双向双边测距(SDS-TWR,Symmetric Double-Sided Two-Way Ranging)算法以有效抑制移动标签和定位基站之间由于晶振漂移导致的测距误差,同时在基于到达时间(TOA,Time of Arrival)的定位方法上采用粒子群算法提高定位精度。实验结果表明基于UWB的地铁隧道定位系统在地铁隧道中能稳定工作且定位精度得到有效的提高,该系统具有功耗低、实现简单、定位精度高的特点,能够满足地铁隧道当中对于人员实时精确定位的需求。

Abstract:

Ultra-wideband technology has become the mainstream indoor positioning technology because of its advantages of high positioning accuracy, strong anti-multipath interference capability and high transmission rate. Due to the harsh environment in the subway tunnel, in order to ensure the safety of the construction personnel and realize the real-time positioning of the construction workers in the subway tunnel, a subway tunnel positioning system based on UWB technology was designed. The system uses the Symmetric Double-Sided Two-Way Ranging (SDS-TWR) algorithm to effectively suppress the ranging error caused by crystal drift between the mobile tag and the positioning base station, and the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to improve the positioning accuracy on the time-of-arrival(TOA) based positioning method. The experimental results show that the UWB-based subway tunnel positioning system can work stably in the subway tunnel and the positioning accuracy is effectively improved. The system has the characteristics of low power consumption, simple implementation and high positioning accuracy, which can meet the needs of real-time precise positioning of personnel in subway tunnels.