无刷直流电机自适应调速控制系统的设计

Design of Brushless DC Motor Adaptive Speed Control System

摘要:

为满足实际应用需求，设计了一款基于SPANSION MB9BF121K单片机的三相直流无刷电机智能控制系统。在详细介绍了系统的设计方案后，硬件部分重点对电机驱动模块、信号检测模块及电流采集和保护电路进行了设计说明。软件部分在介绍系统结构和系统流程图后，重点说明了混合测速以及递推均值和RC滤波相结合的数据处理方法，以及分段自适应调节的PID速度控制。空载测试时，从250r/min加速到额定速度4000r/min，从额定转速减速到250r/min均只需约0.8s；负载测试时，在施加负载和撤销负载时，均经过约1.5s稳定到原来运行速度。无论空载实验还是负载实验，电流过渡到稳定值的时间和速度过渡到稳定的时间基本一致。

Abstract:

In order to meet the practical application needs, a three phase DC brushless motor intelligent control system based on SPANSION MB9BF121K single chip is designed. After the detailed introduction of the system design scheme, the hardware section focuses on the design of the motor drive module, the signal detection module and the current acquisition and protection circuit. The software section first introduces the structure of the system structure and flow chart, the commutation process of the motor is emphasized, a data method based on hybrid velocity measurement and recursive mean and RC filtering is analyzed, section adaptive PID speed control is also introduced. In no-load test, it takes about 0.8s to speed up from 250 r/min to 4000 r/min and to speed down from 250 r/min to 250 r/min. In load test, the speed of the motor is stabilized to the original speed after about 1.5s when the load is applied and the load is cancelled.