地球静止轨道卫星碰撞碎片演化分析

Evolution of newly generated debris from geostationary satellites’ collision

摘要:

地球静止轨道(GEO)附近密集运行着大量的航天器和空间碎片,针对GEO卫星与空间碎片发生碰撞后,新产生的空间碎片对GEO造成的影响问题,分析计算运行在或穿越GEO区域的空间碎片与GEO卫星可能的碰撞相对速度。运用质量守恒和动量守恒对NASA标准解体模型生成的碎片信息进行验证。针对两种来源的碎片与GEO卫星的碰撞解体事件,在碰撞完全解体和非完全解体两种条件下,选取符合两大定律的解体碎片数据,计算碰撞产生的碎片的扩散速率,分析得出结论,空间碎片以较大相对速度与GEO卫星发生碰撞,将产生大量新的碎片,并在约半天内扩散到整个GEO区域,对该区域航天器产生较大威胁。

Abstract:

A large number of spacecraft and space debris are intensively distributed in the geostationary orbit space, and once a collision occurs, it will have a serious impact on GEO. Calculate the relative velocity between space debris running in or across the GEO area and GEO satellites. The conservation of mass and momentum is used to verify the NASA standard breakup model. According to the collision events between space debris with GEO satellite, under complete disintegration and incomplete disintegration, calculate the diffusion rate of new debris generated by the collision. Space debris collides with GEO satellites at a relatively large relative speed, which will generate a large number of new debris and spread to the entire GEO area in about half a day, posing a greater threat to spacecraft in the area.