高速列车受电弓气动噪声分析与降噪研究

Aerodynamic Noise Analysis and Noise Reduction Study of Pantograph of High-speed Train

摘要:

随着列车速度的大幅提升，气动噪声问题愈发凸显。受电弓噪声在整车噪声中占较高位置，为研究高速列车受电弓气动噪声特性，通过Lighthill声学理论的宽频噪声模型对高速列车气动噪声源进行识别，利用定常SST k-w湍流方法分析高速列车受电弓的流场特性；基于大涡模拟与FW-H声学比拟理论计算高速列车受电弓远场气动噪声。数值算例结果表明，受电弓部位的碳滑板、弓头为受电弓主要噪声源；以轨道中心线为对称线，远场气动噪声监测点的声压级及频谱特性表现出较高的对称性；在同一列车运行速度下，监测点声压级随离轨道中心线距离增大而减小，列车以不同速度运行时，其声压级降低的幅值相差较小；高速列车远场气动噪声为宽频噪声，主要能量集中在500Hz~5000Hz。提出一种射流降噪方法，在350km/h速度下，监测点总声压级值降低了15.2dB。

Abstract:

With the increasing of high-speed train speed, the aerodynamic noise problem increasingly prominent. The pantograph noise represents a higher position in the train noise, in order to study the aerodynamic noise characteristics of the pantograph of high-speed train, The Broadband noise model based on Lighthill acoustics theory is used to identify the aerodynamic noise sources of high-speed trains, the SST k-w turbulence model is used to analyze the flow field characteristics of the pantograph；Based on the large eddy simulation and the FW-H acoustic theory , the aerodynamic noise characteristics of the pantograph is caculated. The numerical examples show that, The carbon skateboard and bow head of the pantograph are the main noise sources of the pantograph; With the center line of train, the sound pressure level and spectrum characteristics of the far field aerodynamic noise monitoring points show high symmetry; At the same train speed, the sound pressure level at the monitoring point decreases with the distance from the Central Line of the track increasing, when the train runs at different speeds, the amplitude of the sound pressure level decrease is small; The aerodynamic noise in the far field of high-speed train is broadband noise, and the main energy concentration is 500Hz~5000Hz. A method of jet noise reduction was proposed. At the velocity of 350km/h, the total sound pressure level of the monitoring point decreased by 15.2dB.