Vulnerability optimization assessment simulation of power grids based on failure mode is to analyze its vulnerability, and reduceStheSimpactSofSnetworkSfault, the impedance based topological model and cascading failure model for weighted power grid were established. Considering both node andedge differences to evolution and define a new network structure entropy, and considering the pathlength to define transmission efficiency index. Then analyze vulnerability of power network via index values changes under different failure mode. Simulation results on the IEEE9 bus system showStheSeffectivenessSandSaccuracySof the suggestedShybridSmethod,and indicated power grid relies muchmore on key nodes than common nodes, and arranging a reasonable structure will be more effective in increasing the reliability and stability of the power grid.#$NLKeywords:power network; vulnerability; cascading failure; network structure entropy; Transmission efficiency