A helicopter needs to monitor the vibration signal, we Designed a vibration monitoring system based on airborne real-time processing. The airborne vibration real-time processing equipment is the core in vibration monitoring system. Then we selected optimal algorithm through by the MATLAB simulation, and use the system and the original test equipment together to implement vibration safety monitoring. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme is reasonable, and the real-time processing results of vibration data are basically consistent with the results after the treatment. The successful design of the system ensures the safety of the helicopter flight test, which can be extended to other aircraft flight test.