基于单片机的直流电动机的信号采集系统设计

Design of Signal Acquisition System of DC Motor Based on Single Chip Microcomputer

摘要:

装甲车辆起动过程中,直流电动机部分容易发生故障,传统的电机诊断方法都是定期制定维修计划,这种检修方式容易造成维修不足、维修过量以及盲目维修的问题,为了深入分析电动机故障发生时的参数信息的变化,构建一套能够采集电机运行参数的系统,对采集电枢电流和振动信号进行时频域分析,能够反映故障发生的特点；该系统以STM32103C8T6为主控芯片,设计了电流、振动信号采集电路,信号调理电路,对A/D转换模块、数据存储模块进行了编程实现,能够对直流电动机的电枢电流和振动信号进行实时采集,并将数据保存到上位机中进行后续的调用处理；通过测量对比直流电动机起动过程轴承部位发生不同故障时的电流和振动信号,利用MATLAB仿真实现时域内的信号显示,并在MATLAB平台中,编程实现了振动信号的时频域分析；仿真结果表明,该采集系统能够准确测量信号,具有成本低,体积小,精度高等优点,能够为故障特征提取提供较好的数据基础。

Abstract:

In the starting process of the armored vehicle, the DC motor is prone to failure.The traditional diagnosis method of motor is to make the maintenance plan regularly, which is easy to cause the problem of insufficient maintenance, excessive maintenance and blind maintenance,In order to deeply analyze the variation of the parameters of the motor fault, to build a set of system which can collect the operating parameters of the motor,in the frequency domain analysis of the armature current and the vibration signal, it can reflect the characteristics of the fault.The system uses STM32103C8T6 as the main control chip, the current, vibration signal acquisition circuit, signal conditioning circuit, A/D conversion module, data storage module was programmed to the armature current of DC motor and vibration signal real-time acquisition and data processing of the follow-up call to save the PC.The starting process of different fault bearing parts of current and vibration signal measured by the comparison of DC motor, use MATLAB simulation to achieve a time-domain signal display, and in the MATLAB platform, the programming of the time-frequency domain analysis of vibration signal. The simulation results show that the acquisition system can accurately measure the signal, has the advantages of low cost, small size, high accuracy, and can provide a good data base for the fault feature extraction.