3D打印机控制系统的设计

Design of 3D Printer Control System

摘要:

设计了一种3D打印机控制系统,采用微控制器ATmega2560为主控制器,集成了USB通信接口模块、打印头温度检测模块、LCD控制器模块以及电机驱动模块等;利用计算机切片软件将3D模型切片产生G代码,通过串口送到主控制器,主控制器处理G 代码并对电机驱动模块发送控制信号,采用PWM脉冲宽度调制技术控制3D打印机的XYZ三轴电机及挤出机电机进行3D打印,为了保证打印头快速达到打印温度并保持温度恒定,采用增量式PID算法实现对温度的精确控制;测试结果表明,采用增量式PID算法后,挤出头温度控制在245℃,控制精度为1℃,将原来的300 s左右进入恒温状态提高到75 s左右进入恒温状态,提高了三维打印恒温控制的性能,减少了打印过程中打印材料断丝、粗细不均匀等现象,满足了对打印质量的要求。

Abstract:

A 3D printer control system is designed, using microprocessor ATmega2560 as the main controller, integrated USB interface module, print head temperature detection module, LCD controller module, motor drive module and so on. 3D model sliced produce G code with the help of computer chip software, through the serial port to the main controller, the master controller processes the G code and transmits the control signal to the motor drive module, using PWM pulse width modulation technology to control the 3D printer's XYZ axis motor and the extruder's motor for 3D printing, in order to ensure that the printing head reaches the printing temperature quickly and keeps the temperature constant, the incremental PID algorithm is used to realize the precise control of temperature. Test results show that, after using the incremental PID algorithm, extrusion head temperature control in 245℃, the control precision is 1℃, the time to enter the constant temperature decreases from 300 s to 75 s, improve the performance of three dimensional printing’s constant temperature control. Reduce the phenomenon of printing material broken wire, uneven thickness in the printing process, meet the requirements of printing quality.