The principle and application of harmonic drive is introduced, for spacecraft harmonic drive mechanism working in space environment, a set of transmission efficiency test and control system is designed. The structure and principle of the whole control system is described, the efficiency test method in the space environment of a harmonic drive is designed. To improve the traditional test device, pertinence software is designed based on the realization of the basic functions, improve the level of automation of the whole system. At the same time, to solve the irregular jumping problem of the test data, a data selection software is designed, improving the accuracy of control and test.