A design of high precision and dual channel digital temperature measurement system is proposed according to the research on the strapdown inertial navigation system(SINS) temperature compensation method, which is triggered by a platinum resistance temperature detector(RTD) Pt1000 as temperature sensor and regulated by ADS1148 for the signal conditioning and A/D conversion. The circuit is simplified effectively and increases the anti-inference ability of the system and reduces the hardware error by the design of high performance integrated chip, double constant current source three-wire RTD circuit, the proportion of output configuration and RC low-pass filter; MSP430 is performed as a host controller to realize the communication with ADS1148 and having 16 bits digital output to the computer corresponding with the vary temperature data. The results with the experimental data indicates that the measurement resolution of 0.002°C is attained from -40°C to 60°C of measurement range on the research of SINS temperature compensation.