基于改进蚁群算法的WSN分簇路由机制研究

Clustering Routing Algorithm for WSN Based on Improved  Ant Colony Algorithm

摘要:

针对现有的用于无线传感器网络(WSN)的分簇路由协议,存在着所有簇头直接与汇聚节点通信、远离汇聚节点的簇头能量消耗过快等一系列的问题,根据蚁群算法(ACA)及WSN分簇路由算法的特点,对ACA进行改进并引入到WSN分簇路由机制中,提出一种基于改进蚁群算法的WSN分簇路由算法；该算法将到汇聚节点的距离设定为启发函数以找到簇头下沉的最佳路径和提高蚁群算法的效率,同时,在选择节点概率公式时将该节点的剩余能量考虑在内,在数据传输过程中,减少了簇头节点的能量消耗,进而实现节点能量的高效利用,增强网络的使用寿命,以实现网络通信的高效；通过仿真,结果表明,该算法是可行的、有效的。

Abstract:

In view of the clustering routing protocol currently used in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), there are problems such as all cluster heads directly communicate with the aggregation nodes, the energy consumption of cluster heads away from the aggregation nodes is too fast, etc. Based on the characteristics of Ant Colony Algorithm (ACA) and the WSN Clustering Routing Algorithm, the ACA is improved and introduced into the WSN clustering routing mechanism, and then a WSN clustering routing algorithm with improved ACA is proposed. The algorithm sets the distance to the aggression node as the heuristic function to find out the best path to cluster sinking and improve the ACA efficiency; at the same time, the residual energy of the node is taken into account at the selection of probability formula for the nodes, and the energy consumption of cluster nodes during data transmission is reduced, so that the node energy is utilized in high efficiency, the service life of the network is enhanced and more efficient network communication is achieved. Through simulation, the results show that the algorithm is feasible and effective.